Analysis of the expression of neurotrophins during regeneration of peripheral nerves in rats with vein graft / Análise da expressão de neurotrofinas durante a regeneração de nervo periférico de rato por enxerto venoso

Vein grafts have been employed to bridge the gap in transected peripheral nerves to produce better functional recovery. However several disadvantages such as secondary graft constriction were observed and a new alternative to this technique was developed by simply reversing the vein inside out. Both inside out and standard vein grafts were successfully used in recovering the sensory segmental defect in humans. Neurotrophins are a family of eurotrophic factors known to play an important role in the regeneration of peripheral nerves. The neurotrophin family consists of Nerve Growth Factor (NGF), Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) and Neurotropinh-4 (NT-4). In the neurobiology field, several authors have been using PCR technique in order to gain more information regarding regenerated nerves. In this study, we employed this molecular biology technique to explore the role and level of the neurotrophins during the peripheral nerve regeneration with vein graft. The sciatic nerve of rats were sectioned and repaired with Inside out vein graft (IOVG) and standard vein graft techniques (SVG). In the control group the rats were sham operated wherein the sciatic nerve was kept intact. The animals were euthanized at 6 and 12 weeks and the grafts were harvested to observe the level the neurotrophins. EDL and Sol muscles were excised and measured to determine any weight difference between the groups. A small segment of the distal stumps from both the SVG and IOVG groups were also excised and were subjected to histological process to examine the amount of regenerated axon. In addition, another small segment of the distal stump was processed for RT-PCR to further examine the level of the neurotrophins in this area. At 6 weeks, no significant neuronal growth was observed in the distal stump of both graft types but a distinct growth was seen at 12 weeks. Walk track analysis showed poor motor function recovery ...

Análise da expressão de neurotrofinas durante a regeneração de nervo periférico de rato por enxerto venoso Enxertos de veias têm sido empregados para preencher lacunas em nervos periféricos transeccionados para melhor recuperação funcional. No entanto, vários inconvenientes, como a constrição do enxerto secundário foram observados. Uma nova alternativa para esta técnica foi desenvolvida. Simplesmente invertendo a veia de dentro para fora, chamado do Inside- out vein graft. As neurotrofinas são uma família de fatores neurotróficos conhecidos por desempenhar um papel significativo na regeneração de nervos periféricos. A família da neurotrofina é constituído por fator de crescimento nervoso (NGF), fator neurotrófico derivado do cérebro (BDNF), Neurotrofina-3 (NT-3) e Neurotrofina-4 (NT-4). No campo da neurobiologia, vários autores têm utilizado a técnica de PCR a fim de obter mais informações sobre os nervos regenerados. Neste estudo, foi utilizada a técnica de biologia molecular para explorar o papel e o nível das neurotrofinas durante a regeneração de nervos periféricos com enxerto de veia. O nervo isquiático de ratos foi seccionado e reparado com enxerto de veia invertida (IOVG) e técnicas de enxerto de veia padrão (SVG). No grupo controle, os ratos foram operados e o nervo isquiático foi mantido intacto. Os animais foram sacrificados após 6 e 12 semanas e os enxertos foram colhidos para observar o nível das neurotrofinas. Músculos EDL e Sóleo foram excisados e pesados para determinar a diferença de peso entre os grupos. Um pequeno segmento dos cotos distais de ambos os grupos SVG e IOVG também foram excisados e foram processados histologicamente para examinar a quantidade de axónios regenerados. Além disso, um outro pequeno segmento do coto distal foi processado para RT-PCR para analisar o nível das neurotrofinas nesta área.A tecnica do walk track analysis foi realizada para determinar o índice funcional do nervo isquiático nos grupos...

Analysis of the expression of neurotrophins during regeneration of peripheral nerves in rats with vein graft / Análise da expressão de neurotrofinas durante a regeneração de nervo periférico de rato por enxerto venoso

Vein grafts have been employed to bridge the gap in transected peripheral nerves to produce better functional recovery. However several disadvantages such as secondary graft constriction were observed and a new alternative to this technique was developed by simply reversing the vein inside out. Both inside out and standard vein grafts were successfully used in recovering the sensory segmental defect in humans. Neurotrophins are a family of eurotrophic factors known to play an important role in the regeneration of peripheral nerves. The neurotrophin family consists of Nerve Growth Factor (NGF), Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) and Neurotropinh-4 (NT-4). In the neurobiology field, several authors have been using PCR technique in order to gain more information regarding regenerated nerves. In this study, we employed this molecular biology technique to explore the role and level of the neurotrophins during the peripheral nerve regeneration with vein graft. The sciatic nerve of rats were sectioned and repaired with Inside out vein graft (IOVG) and standard vein graft techniques (SVG). In the control group the rats were sham operated wherein the sciatic nerve was kept intact. The animals were euthanized at 6 and 12 weeks and the grafts were harvested to observe the level the neurotrophins. EDL and Sol muscles were excised and measured to determine any weight difference between the groups. A small segment of the distal stumps from both the SVG and IOVG groups were also excised and were subjected to histological process to examine the amount of regenerated axon. In addition, another small segment of the distal stump was processed for RT-PCR to further examine the level of the neurotrophins in this area. At 6 weeks, no significant neuronal growth was observed in the distal stump of both graft types but a distinct growth was seen at 12 weeks. Walk track analysis showed poor motor function recovery...

Análise da expressão de neurotrofinas durante a regeneração de nervo periférico de rato por enxerto venoso Enxertos de veias têm sido empregados para preencher lacunas em nervos periféricos transeccionados para melhor recuperação funcional. No entanto, vários inconvenientes, como a constrição do enxerto secundário foram observados. Uma nova alternativa para esta técnica foi desenvolvida. Simplesmente invertendo a veia de dentro para fora, chamado do Inside- out vein graft. As neurotrofinas são uma família de fatores neurotróficos conhecidos por desempenhar um papel significativo na regeneração de nervos periféricos. A família da neurotrofina é constituído por fator de crescimento nervoso (NGF), fator neurotrófico derivado do cérebro (BDNF), Neurotrofina-3 (NT-3) e Neurotrofina-4 (NT-4). No campo da neurobiologia, vários autores têm utilizado a técnica de PCR a fim de obter mais informações sobre os nervos regenerados. Neste estudo, foi utilizada a técnica de biologia molecular para explorar o papel e o nível das neurotrofinas durante a regeneração de nervos periféricos com enxerto de veia. O nervo isquiático de ratos foi seccionado e reparado com enxerto de veia invertida (IOVG) e técnicas de enxerto de veia padrão (SVG). No grupo controle, os ratos foram operados e o nervo isquiático foi mantido intacto. Os animais foram sacrificados após 6 e 12 semanas e os enxertos foram colhidos para observar o nível das neurotrofinas. Músculos EDL e Sóleo foram excisados e pesados para determinar a diferença de peso entre os grupos. Um pequeno segmento dos cotos distais de ambos os grupos SVG e IOVG também foram excisados e foram processados histologicamente para examinar a quantidade de axónios regenerados. Além disso, um outro pequeno segmento do coto distal foi processado para RT-PCR para analisar o nível das neurotrofinas nesta área.A tecnica do walk track analysis foi realizada para determinar o índice funcional do nervo isquiático nos grupos...

Comparison of anticoagulant effects on vein grafts between human TFPI gene transfection and aspirin oral administration / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

To develop a more efficient antithrombotic way after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), the anticoagulant effects were compared of human tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) gene transfection and aspirin oral administration (traditional method) on vein grafts. An eukaryotic expression plasmid pCMV-(Kozak) TFPI was prepared. Animal model of carotid artery bypass grafting was constructed. In operation, endothelial cells of vein grafts in TFPI group and empty plasmid control group were transfected with pCMV-(Kozak) TFPI and empty plasmid pCMV respectively, while no transfection was conducted in aspirin control group. After operation, aspirin (2 mg.kg(-1).(-1)) was administered (i.g.) in aspirin control group. Three days later, grafts (n=10) were harvested for RT-PCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemical analyses of exogenous gene expression and for pathological, scanning electron microscopic observation of thrombus. Thirty days later, the patency rates of remnant grafts (n=10) were recorded by vessel Doppler ultrasonography. Human TFPI gene products were detected in gene transferred vein grafts. Three days later, thrombi were found in 7 animals of aspirin control group and in 8 animals of empty plasmid control group, but in only 1 of TFPI group (P<0.01). Thirty days later, 5 grafts were occluded in empty plasmid control group, but none of grafts was occluded in the other groups (P<0.05). The endothelial surfaces of grafts in both of the control groups were covered with aggregated erythrocytes and platelets, and it were not seen in TFPI group. It was suggested that the anticoagulant effects on vein grafts of human TFPI gene transfection are better than those of aspirin.

Transposición de vena basílica como acceso vascular para hemodiálisis: resultados alejados / Basilic vein transposition for haemodialysis vascular access

El empleo de vena basílica para la construcción de acceso vascular para hemodiálisis es una técnica relativamente desconocida en nuestro medio y no se conocen casuística numerosas ni resultados alejados. El objetivo de este estudio es dar a conocer nuestra experiencia con esta técnica y evaluar sus resultados a largo plazo. Entre enero de 2000 y enero de 2002 se han construido 1246 procedimientos para Accesos Vasculares para Hemodiálisis en 1025 pacientes en el Servicio de cirugía del Hospital Barros Luco Trudeau. De éstos, 58 procedimientos correspondieron a Transposición de Vena Basílica en igual número de pacientes que constituyen el grupo de estudio. Se realizó estudio con Eco Doppler Color preoperatorio. Se utilizó vena basílica frente a la ausencia de venas superficiales. El seguimiento se hizo en forma prospectiva con control clínico cada dos o tres meses (rango entre 1 a 23 meses). Al término del seguimiento 35 (60,3 por ciento) estaban permeables, 11 (19,0 por ciento) se habían ocluido, 6 (10,3 por ciento) pacientes habían fallecido por su enfermedad, 5 (8,6 por ciento) se habían perdido del seguimiento y 1 paciente se le indicó cierre por isquemia de la extremidad. Se observaron 22 (37,9 por ciento) complicaciones. No hubo mortalidad en la serie. La permeabilidad actuarial fue de 92 por ciento a los 12 meses y de 72 por ciento a los 18 meses. La permeabilidad en pacientes con venas de calibre igual o mayor de 3,5 mm fue de 100 por ciento a los 12 meses y de 84 por ciento en venas de calibre inferior a 3,5 mm. La transposición de vena basílica como acceso vascular para hemodiálisis es una opción válida frente al agotamiento de venas superficiales con resultados comparables a los de las fístulas proximales. Debe plantearse como alternativa al acceso vascular protésico en extremidad superior.

Viability of cells in cryopreserved canine cardiovascular organs for transplantation

To determine applicability of the cryopreservation procedure for vessel grafts, the viability of endothelial cells (ECs) among the whole cells in three kinds of organs artery, vein, trachea in mongrel dogs was evaluated on the basis of histological analysis. The Griffonia simplicifolia agglutins-fluorescein isothiocyanate (GSA-FITC) and propidium iodide (PI) double staining methods were combined with flow cytometry (FCM), which was able to simultaneously determine the viability of whole cells and ECs from the same tissue, were performed after harvesting, after antibiotic solution treatment, and after cryopreservation and thawing. In most cases, the viability of ECs is lower than that of whole cells from veins and arteries. The viability of whole cells in veins was maintained until the antibiotic solution treatment and then decreased significantly after cryopreservation and thawing, while the ECs began to decrease significantly after the antibiotic solution treatment and more markedly decreased after thawing. The viability of ECs and whole cells from arteries was similar to that of the veins' conditions. The viability of whole cells from the trachea decreased with a similar pattern to that of the ECs from vessels. In consideration of maintaining cell viability among the three kinds of organs, the viability of arteries was better than that of the others. The cells in the trachea demonstrated a lower viability than the vessels. The effect of antibiotic solution treatment on the reduction of cell viability depends on the treatment time and temperature.

Revascularización de miembros inferiores con vena del brazo / Lower limb revascularization using upper limbs veins

Objetivo: Presentar nuestros resultados con la utilización de venas de miembros superiores como sustitutos arteriales para la revascularización de miembros inferiores. Material y métodos: Desde 1992 hemos realizado 15 procedimientos de revascularización en miembros inferiores en 12 pacientes utilizando las venas de miembros superiores, como sustitutos arteriales. Todos los pacientes presentaban isquemia grado 4; 7 eran diabéticos, 8 de sexo masculino y 11 fumadores. Todos tenían dos cirugías previas de puente y ninguno tenía la vena adecuada. Resultados: Se utilizó vena del miembro superior librándola a nivel de la muñeca disecando hasta la axila. La longitud de la vena obtenida fue siempre promedio 55 cm y el diámetro fue 6 mm promedio. Realizamos un eco Doppler para comprobar permeabilidad y evitamos punciones y canalizaciones del miembro elegido. Conclusiones: Se logra revascularización primaria y secundaria similar a la conseguida con vena safena interna

Vein grafting of tunical incisions in the treatment of peyronie's disease

The effectiveness of vein grafting of tunical incisions of peyronie's plaques in straightening the penis, with preservation of normal erectile function is evaluated. Eighteen patients with peyronie's disease were surgically treated with a vein patch graft technique to correct their penile curvature. Transverse relaxing incisions were made on the tunica albuginea where a curvature was identified by an artificial erection. A vein graft from the saphenous vein was sewn into the defect created by relaxing incisions. If there was evidence of a residual curvature after the vein grafts were sewn in, a plication of the contralateral surface of the tunica albuginea was performed. The saphenous vein grafting alone was sufficient to straighten the penis 90 to 100% of patients. Of twelve patients who were potent preoperatively, one required postoperatively an occasional intracorporeal injection to maintain erection. Two of the impotent men regained their potency postoperatively. None of the patients lost sensation in the glans or shaft of the penis. Penile shortening was reported in three patients. No decrease in the penis rigidity was noted. Patients were discharged within 5 days of the procedure. There were no immediate complications. Fifteen of our sixteen followed patients resumed intercourse in eight weeks. We found that plaque incision in the venous grafting is much easier than the other incisional and excisional procedures described in the literature, and may lead to successful correction of penile deformity without compromising potency, penile length and sensitivity

Comparison between biological prosthesis constituted of autogenous superficial femoral vein or human umbilicus cord vein interposed between two femoral artery stumps: an experimental study on dogs / Comparaçäo entre as próteses biológicas constituídas por veia femoral superficial autógena ou por veia do cordäo umbilical humano interpostas entre dois cotos da artéria femoral: estudo experimental em cäes

O cirurgiao vascular tem dúvidas em escolher o melhor material substituto para uma reparaçao vascular. Com o objetivo de ajudá-lo a escolher a prótese vascular ideal, realizamos estudo comparando a veia femoral superficial autógena (V.F.S.A.) com a veia do cordao umbilical humano (V.C.U.H.); foram utilizados 12 caes para estudo inicial no 7( pós-operatório e o mesmo número de animais para estudo tardio no 30( pós-operatório. Após observaçoes macroscópicas (realço a utilizaçao do doppler ultra-som e da arteriografia) e microscópicas concluímos que o material autógeno integrou-se melhor na artéria femoral (A.F.) do cao.